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胡壮麟语言学教程第五版第八章_胡壮麟语言学教程是多久出版的

第1章语言学导论
Duality (二重性)
Duality refers to ‘the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primarylevel are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of two levels has its ownprinciples of organization.”(Lyons,1981:20) The property of duality only exists in the systemwith both elements (e.g.sounds,letters) and units (e.g. words).Primary units 'words'(meaningful)consist of secondary units ‘sounds'(meaningless).
二重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性,底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。二重性只存在于这样的系统之中,既有元素又有它们组合成的单位。上层单位"词”(有意义的)由底层单位“语音”(无意义的)组成。


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第1章语言学导论
VI.Important concepts and their distinctions (重要概念及其区分)
Descriptive vs. Prescriptive(描写式与规定式)
Linguistics takes a descriptive approach to language: it tries to explain things as they actually are,not as we impose upon them other rules.Prescriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules about howa language should be used instead of how it is actually used.The distinction lies in describing howthings are and prescribing how things ought to be.
语言学对语言采取描述性的方法︰它试图解释事物的真实状态,而不是强加给他们其他的规则。规定式语言学旨在制定有关如何正确使用语言而不是实际使用语言的规则。它们最主要的区别就在于前者描述事情怎样而后者规定事情应该如何。

Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are notpresent (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as____·[北二外2007研]
【答案】displacement
【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。

胡壮麟语言学教程第五版_胡壮麟语言学教程讲义


查看完整版:  胡壮麟《语言学教程》第五版重点知识点及历年真题答案





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