胡壮麟语言学教程第五版第七章_从语言学教程胡壮麟中学到了什么
第1章语言学导论Duality (二重性)
Duality refers to ‘the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primarylevel are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of two levels has its ownprinciples of organization.”(Lyons,1981:20) The property of duality only exists in the systemwith both elements (e.g.sounds,letters) and units (e.g. words).Primary units 'words'(meaningful)consist of secondary units ‘sounds'(meaningless).
二重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性,底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。二重性只存在于这样的系统之中,既有元素又有它们组合成的单位。上层单位"词”(有意义的)由底层单位“语音”(无意义的)组成。
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Synchronic vs. Diachronic (共时与历时)
Language can be studied at a given point in time or over time. When we study language at aparticular time, it is called synchronic linguistics. When we study language developments throughtime, it is called diachronic or historical linguistics. Synchronic linguistics focuses on the state oflanguage at any points in history while diachronic linguistics focuses on the differences in two ormore than two states of language over decades or centuries.
语言研究可以是在一个给定的时间也可以是一段时间。当我们集中在某一点时间来研究语言时就叫做共时语言学。当我们研究随着时间发展的语言时就叫做历时语言学。共时语言学集中研究历史任何时期点的语言现状,而历时语言学集中研究几十年或几百年的时期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。
【答案】 duality
【解析】双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性,底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。
胡壮麟《语言学教程》第五版区别_胡壮麟语言学教程济南大学
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