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清新编语言学教程中文版-刘润清新编语言学教程笔记
第1章 导 言
1.1 复习笔记
本章要点：
1. The definition and main branches of linguistics study
语言学的定义和研究的范围
2. The definition and the origins of language
语言的定义与起源
3. The design feature and the function of language
语言的特征和功能
4. Some major concepts in linguistics
语言学中重要的概念
本章考点：
1. 有关语言学的常考考点
(1) 语言学的定义，现代语言学与传统语法学研究的区别。
(2) 语言学中几组重要概念，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义。
(3) 普通语言学的主要分支学科及各自的研究范畴。
(4) 宏观语言学及应用语言学的主要分支及各自的研究范畴。
2. 有关语言的常考考点
(1) 语言的定义；语言的基本特征(任意性、二重性、多产性、移位性、互换性、专门性和文化传递性)；
(2) 语言的功能(寒暄、指示、信息、疑问、表达、劝说和施为)；
(3) 语言的起源(叮咚说、唱歌说、哒哒说、汪汪、噗噗、哟嘿吼理论等。)
本章内容索引：
I. Definition of linguistics
II. Linguistics vs. traditional grammar
III. Scope of linguistics
1. Microlinguistics
2. Macrolinguistics
IV. Definition of language
V. Origins of language
1. Ding-Dong Theory
2. Sing-Song Theory
3. Pooh-Pooh Theory
4. Yo-He-Ho Theory
5. Ta-Ta Theory
6. Bow-Wow Theory
VI. Design features of language
1. Arbitrariness
2. Duality
3. Productivity
4. Interchangeability
5. Displacement
1.2 课后习题详解
1. Define the following terms briefly.
(1) linguistics
Key: Linguistics is the scientific or systemic study of language. (It is a science in the sense that it
scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages. It deals with a wide range
of linguistic phenomena, analyzes them, and makes general statements about them.)
(2) language
Key: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
(3) arbitrariness
Key: Language is arbitrary. As a design feature of human language, arbitrariness refers to the fact
that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is
associated with. The relationship between the sounds and their meaning is quite accidental. The
onomatopoeic words are exceptions.
(4) duality
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