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胡壮麟《语言学教程》习题及答案_胡壮麟语言学教程圣才笔记

第1章语言学导论
Arbitrariness (任意性)
It is the core feature of language,which refers to the fact that there is no intrinsic connectionbetween the forms of linguistic signs and their meaning.Arbitrariness exists in the relationshipbetween a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. But it is not entirely arbitrary atall levels. Some words,such as the ones created in the imitation of sounds by sounds are motivatedin a certain degree.
任意性是语言的核心特征,是指语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联系。符号的声音与意义之间存在任意性。虽然语言从本质上讲是任意的,但也不是完全任意的。一些词语,例如一些拟声词的发音与其意义还是有一定联系的。


查看完整版:  胡壮麟《语言学教程》第五版重点知识点及历年真题答案


第1章语言学导论
Performative function (施为功能)
The performative function of language is mainly used to change people's social status,such as inwedding ceremony, the blessing of infants and the naming of ships at a voyage ceremony. In thesespeech acts, language is usually very formal,even ritualized.
语言的施为功能主要是用来改变人的社会地位,例如在婚礼、判刑,为孩子祈福和在首航仪式上为船命名、诅咒敌人。在这些言语行为中,语言通常是非常正式的,甚至是仪式化的。

Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are notpresent (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as____·[北二外2007研]
【答案】displacement
【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。

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查看完整版:  胡壮麟《语言学教程》第五版重点知识点及历年真题答案





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