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胡壮麟语言学教程第五章重点_语言学教程胡壮麟中文版免费阅读

第1章语言学导论
Arbitrariness (任意性)
It is the core feature of language,which refers to the fact that there is no intrinsic connectionbetween the forms of linguistic signs and their meaning.Arbitrariness exists in the relationshipbetween a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. But it is not entirely arbitrary atall levels. Some words,such as the ones created in the imitation of sounds by sounds are motivatedin a certain degree.
任意性是语言的核心特征,是指语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联系。符号的声音与意义之间存在任意性。虽然语言从本质上讲是任意的,但也不是完全任意的。一些词语,例如一些拟声词的发音与其意义还是有一定联系的。


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第1章语言学导论
V . Definition of linguistics (语言学的定义)
Linguistics is usually defined as the science of language or, the scientific study of language. It notonly focuses on a particular language, but is based on the systematic investigation of linguisticdata,conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. The four principleswhich make linguistics a science are exhaustiveness,consistency, economy and objectivity.
语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言的科学,或对语言的科学研究。它不仅仅关注某种特定的语言,而是基于一些语言结构的综合理论,对语料进行的系统研究。语言学研究的科学性可以归纳为:穷尽性、一致性、简洁性以及客观性。

lSome sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utteranceof these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action.They are called____.[大连外国语学院2008研]
【答案】 performative
【解析】施为句是用来做事的,既不陈述事实,也不描述情况,且不能验证其真假。

胡壮麟语言学教程第五版第八章_胡壮麟 语言学教程第四 中文


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