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语言学戴炜栋课后题答案
第1章 导 言
1.1 复习笔记
本章要点：
1. The definition and main branches of linguistics study
语言学的定义和研究的范围
2. Important distinctions in Linguistics
语言学的一些重要区分
3. The definition and the design features of language
语言的定义与识别特征
4. Functions of language
语言的功能
本章考点：
1. 有关语言学的常考考点
语言学的定义；语言学中几组重要区别，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义；普通语言学的主要分支学科及各自的研究范畴；宏观语言学及应用语言学的主要分支及各自的研究范畴。
2. 有关语言的常考考点
语言的定义；语言的识别特征(任意性、能产性、二重性、移位性、文化传递)；语言的功能。
本章内容索引：
I. The definition of linguistics
II. The scope of linguistics
1. Micro-linguistics
2. Macro-linguistics
III. Some important distinctions in linguistics
1. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive
2. Synchronic vs. Diachronic
3. Speech vs. Writing
4. Langue vs. Parole
5. Competence vs. Performance
6. Traditional Grammar vs. Modern Linguistics
IV. The definition of language
V. The design features of language
1. Arbitrariness
2. Productivity
3. Duality
4. Displacement
5. Cultural Transmission
6. Interchangeability
VI. Functions of language
1. Main functions
2. Basic functions
3. Macrofuntions
1. How do you interpret the following definition of linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of
language.
2. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?
3. In what basic ways does moder linguistics differ from traditional grammar?
4. Is modem linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? Wlhy?
5. For what reasons does modem linguistics give priority to speech rather than to writing?
6. How is Saussure's distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky's distinction between
competence and performance?
7. What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive
definition of language?
8. What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that
it is essentially different from animal communication system?
9. What are the major fiunctions of language? Think of your own examples for ilustration.
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